Summer is warm and for long stretches humid, but rarely very hot or if so, only for short periods, nights are generally warm in the mid-summer, the bulk of precipitation results from thunderstorm activity. Springs are delayed due to the colder water bodies slowly warming out of the winter months, but there can be brief spikes of summer warmth. Very cold outbreaks can occur in Winter but most of the time, the temperature hovers near to, either above or below freezing, as a result precipitation varies in form from rain, to ice, snow, a mix and most dangerous of these forms but occurs less often – freezing rain. Cloud cover increases greatly with the passage of the fall season so by late fall/early winter the sun rarely comes out. The seasons vary greatly but not to the degree as further inland on the North American continent. The continental climate of Toronto is both moderated and hindered by the Great Lakes, most prominently, the influence of Lake Ontario where it has a long shoreline. Toronto’s day-to-day weather can be changeable throughout the year. Toronto enjoys a fairly sunny climate – its summers usually have an abundance of warm or hot sunny days, while its winters are rather less sunny than in the prairie cities of Calgary and Winnipeg. In 2014 Ontario closed its last coal-fired power plants, resulting in improved air quality. In 2012, Toronto had 59 days of moderate air quality and 2 days of poor air quality. Air quality can be classed as very good, good, moderate, poor or very poor. Toronto’s smog is very much a summer phenomenon. About half of the smog is wind-borne from the USA. Many factories and industrial plants in both Canada and the USA are located on the Great Lakes and smog has become something of a problem in Southern Ontario. Ottawa, which is farther north than Toronto, and does not sit lakeside, has snow depths of greater than 1 cm on about 120 days each year. Snow deeper than 1 cm is seen on 65 days a year on average. The Great Lakes location is also the source of Toronto’s summer humidity, which many people find uncomfortable.Īlthough Toronto is one of Canada’s warmer cities in winter, winters are still severe, with snow on the ground most days between mid-December and mid-March. The water in the lake ensures Toronto is warmer in winter and cooler in summer than it would otherwise be. Toronto’s climate is modified by its location on the shores of Lake Ontario.
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